This Veterans Day—as on all Veterans Days—we at the Center for American Progress pause to honor the brave men and women who serve or have served in the U.S. Armed Forces—especially those who have given their lives or suffered physical or mental wounds in the course of defending this nation. We also pay tribute to the families who have lost a loved one or dealt with the wounds of war in order to make this service possible.
As we remember the sacrifices made by all veterans since our nation’s founding, we especially thank those still putting their lives on the line on our behalf around the world, particularly in the fight against the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham, or ISIS, as well as other terrorist groups. More than 14 years after 9/11, the United States still has thousands of troops fighting against Al Qaeda and its offshoots in Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan. Many more troops are deployed elsewhere around the globe to protect our interests and promote our values. In addition, we must continue to provide the best possible care and support for both those who have and those who will come home from their deployments.
The challenges still facing our service members and veterans range from dealing with physical and mental injuries to unemployment and homelessness. President Barack Obama and Congress must continue to work together to take care of our men and women in uniform, particularly as they navigate the difficult transition from military service to the civilian sector.
Who are our veterans?
Employment
- According to the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics data, 3.9 percent of veterans were unemployed as of October 2015, compared with the national unemployment rate of 4.7 percent.
- However, Gulf War II-era veterans—those who served in Iraq and Afghanistan—had a 4.6 percent unemployment rate in October 2015, with 142,000 out of work—higher than the unemployment rates for veterans of any other era.
- As of October 2015, female Gulf War II-era veterans were more likely to be unemployed, with a 7.2 percent unemployment rate compared with 4.1 percent for their male counterparts.
Suicide and mental health problems
- According to the most recent data, 40,571 male veterans and 2,637 female veterans died by suicide between 2000 and 2010.
- Female veterans committed suicide at rates more than five times greater than female civilians in the same time frame.
- Young veterans between 18 years and 29 years of age face the greatest risk of suicide. Suicide rates among veterans in this age range are nearly five times higher for men and more than 10 times higher for women than suicide rates among their counterparts in the civilian population.
- According to a 2012 RAND Corporation study, about 14 percent of service members who were previously deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan reported symptoms indicative of probable post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.
- The RAND study also found that U.S. National Guard and Army Reserve members, women, Hispanics, those who served longer deployments, and those who had more extensive exposure to combat were more likely than other Iraq and Afghanistan veterans to report PTSD symptoms.
- An estimated 22 percent of all U.S. combat casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan involved traumatic brain injury, or TBI, according to the U.S. Department of Defense, or DOD, and the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center.
Homelessness
- About 49,933 veterans were homeless in the United States on a single-night survey in January 2014—the most recent year for which national data is available.
- In 2014, veterans made up 11 percent of all homeless adults according to the 2014 Annual Homeless Assessment Report conducted by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD.
- Veteran homelessness declined by 35 percent between 2010 and 2014. The Obama administration has set a goal of ending veteran homelessness by the end of 2015. In 2014, the VA committed $1.4 billion to programs to prevent and end homelessness among veterans.
- 54 percent of homeless veterans have a mental and/or physical disability.
- According to a 2010 HUD study, young veterans are more than twice as likely to become homeless as nonveteran adults of a similar age.
- Asian, African American, and Hispanic veterans are much more likely to be homeless than white veterans.
- Homeless Iraq and Afghanistan veterans are disproportionally from the lowest military pay grades: 72 percent of all homeless Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans come from the 44 percent of veterans with the lowest pay grades, E1 to E4.
Addiction
- Binge drinking is more common in the military, with 9 percent of service members reporting heavy drinking and one-third reporting binge drinking within a 30-day period.
- Combat veterans are 31 percent more likely to begin binge drinking than service members who do not experience combat.
- In 2010, about 788,000 veterans were diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder at a Veterans Affairs, or VA, medical center. Alcohol abuse accounted for about half of the diagnoses, and 23 percent of veterans with a substance abuse diagnosis were also diagnosed with PTSD.
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- The VA health system serves nearly 9 million veterans a year, with about 95 million outpatient visits and more than 900,000 inpatient visits in 2014.
- Overall, the care provided by the VA health system outperforms the private sector on metrics such as management of chronic conditions, cancer screening, and hospital care quality indicators. Mental health care is as good or better than mental health care in the private sector.
- However, access to care remains a problem. Following a scandal about VA medical centers manipulating wait time data for veterans in May 2014, Congress devoted additional resources to the VA health system. However, increased demand is outstripping the additional resources, and waiting times for appointments remain long—often more than 30 days. Long waits for care are particularly acute for mental health care.
- Female veterans often find that the VA is not able or willing to provide the care they need, particularly for mental health issues, such as PTSD, and for military sexual trauma. Many VA medical centers do not offer important women’s health services. One-third of VA medical centers lack a gynecologist on staff and about one-third also lack staff to provide adequate treatment for sexual assault.
- The VA has made great progress in improving the disability claims process and backlog while also expanding eligibility for vets suffering from PTSD, Agent Orange exposure, or Gulf War syndrome. The number of pending claims has decreased by two-thirds to 373,483, while backlogged claims are down nearly 90 percent to 75,670.
Military sexual trauma
- Both male and female service members have experienced military sexual trauma. According to the most recent DOD survey, 4,768 service members reported experiencing sexual assault during their service in fiscal year 2014.
- Sexual assault is often underreported. An estimated 5 percent of women and 1 percent of men experienced sexual assault in the military in 2014.
- In 2014, an estimated 18,900 service members were victims of sexual assault in the military.
- In 2015, 1 in 4 female veterans and 1 in 100 male veterans told the VA they had experienced sexual abuse in the military.
- According to DOD data, 62 percent of service members who have reported sexual assault have experienced retaliation or ostracism after reporting the assault.
- The VA has struggled to provide quality and gender-sensitive care to female veterans who have experienced military sexual trauma.
How you can help
Below is a list of several organizations dedicated to helping the men and women who are serving or who have served in our armed forces, as well as their families:
This Veterans Day, and throughout the year, remember those who have served in our armed forces, and honor their struggles and sacrifices.
Maryia Statkevich is an intern at the Center for American Progress. Lawrence Korb is a Senior Fellow at the Center.