Center for American Progress

How Trump’s Unilateral Foreign Policy Has Eroded American Power
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How Trump’s Unilateral Foreign Policy Has Eroded American Power

In his State of the Union address, President Trump will attempt to project strength. But while his administration’s unilateral foreign policy—from military strikes on Iran to reckless tariffs—expands the bounds of executive power, it has only weakened the United States on the world stage.

An American flag flies near the dome of the U.S. Capitol.
An American flag flies near the dome of the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., on February 25, 2025. (Getty/AFP/Saul Loeb)

On Tuesday, February 24, President Donald Trump will take the stage for his State of the Union address. After a first year heavily focused abroad, he will attempt to project strength—boasting of military action across the globe, economic sanctions on those he claims have taken advantage of the United States, and the dismantling of government agencies and organizations under the false pretense of “efficiency.” Trump will likely claim that he has restored American dominance through the exercise of absolute power, but this badly confuses belligerence for strength.

A review of Trump’s second-term foreign policy decisions in the Center for American Progress’ “Trump Global Weakness Watch” reveals a president whose actions have actively undermined sources of American power. The Trump administration has pushed the boundaries of executive authority, often in legally dubious or outright illegal ways, wielding it without the consent of Congress or the American public—in foreign policy as in other realms. In doing so, it has rapidly and unilaterally eroded historic sources of American strength, diminishing the United States’ ability to apply its power in the world for the benefit of the American people.

The Trump administration has pushed the boundaries of executive authority, wielding it without the consent of Congress or the American public. In doing so, it has rapidly and unilaterally eroded historic sources of American strength.

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A nation’s strength is not measured by force alone; it comes from predictability, trust, credibility, alliances, and stable economic partnerships. As cornerstones of foreign policymaking over generations, these qualities have been sustained because of, not despite, deliberate checks and balances that favor sober decision-making. When these mechanisms are bypassed or eroded, as Americans have seen in the past year, foreign policy and the use of force become impulsive, politicized, personalized, and strategically incoherent.

President Trump’s governing style is an exemplar of personalized power, and he has isolated the United States, ruptured long-standing alliances, and handed strategic advantages to adversaries. While the U.S. Supreme Court has historically ruled that the president has great latitude in foreign affairs, this power is not absolute; the Trump administration has deliberately bypassed congressional authority in the most egregious of its foreign policy actions. While Trump may claim that might makes right, Congress should insist instead that “right makes might” and that a system of checks and balances is essential both to America’s democracy and to its strength in the world. This is not only a mandate in principle but a popular one as well: Only 37 percent of Americans approve of Trump’s foreign policy, and 70 percent believe that the president should consult Congress on matters of war.

37%

Share of Americans who approve of Trump’s foreign policy

70%

Share of Americans who believe the president should consult Congress on matters of war

Reckless military action has undermined U.S. interests abroad

Over the past year, one of the clearest dangers of unbounded executive authority has been the Trump administration’s use of military force. The most extreme example is the military action to capture Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and seize Venezuela’s oil sector. While Maduro was no doubt a brutal dictator, this was a plan carried out without public debate, congressional authorization, or any viable blueprint for interim governance or an exit plan. Without strategy or coordination across agencies or with regional partners, the plan generated international condemnation and deep reputational damage for the United States, with only one-third of Americans approving the action. Similarly, the Trump administration has carried out lethal boat strikes in the Caribbean without proper legal authority, both leading up to and since the Maduro capture. To date, these strikes have effectively amounted to the extrajudicial killing of more than 130 individuals. Rather than projecting strength, these actions have signaled recklessness and lawlessness.

Similarly, in June 2025, the Trump administration ordered military strikes on Iran without congressional approval—or even consultation. Trump claimed that the strikes “obliterated” Iran’s nuclear program, but its highly enriched uranium stockpile survived. Worse, the strikes set back diplomatic efforts to come to an agreement on Iran’s nuclear program—efforts to which the Trump administration has now returned. While the initial strikes were limited in nature, Trump has doubled down on military options, making threats that he would strike the Islamic Republic during its brutal crackdown on protestors and sending not one but two carrier strike groups to the Middle East as talks resumed. In his address to Congress, Trump may well claim that he put a nail in the coffin of Iran’s nuclear program, but more likely than not, his actions have reinforced incentives for the Iranians to pursue nuclear weapons capabilities and raised the risk of a more costly regional conflict.

The Trump administration has used the military in an ad hoc manner, making threats and carrying out actions that have weakened alliances, emboldened adversaries, and undermined U.S. credibility.

The Trump administration’s reckless use of military force should be considered against the backdrop of its efforts to purge any potential voices of dissent from national security institutions, including the military. The administration has removed senior military officers, including senior judge advocates general (JAGs), who could act as internal checks on the lawful use of force. Indeed, at least one current JAG raised concerns about Trump administration strikes on drug-smuggling boats but was ignored by senior officials. The administration has similarly flouted Congress’ constitutional authority to approve overseas military action—a requirement that is not intended to prevent the United States from using military force where necessary, but one that ensures decisions are subject to scrutiny and debate while remaining grounded in the national interest. Most importantly, military action must have the support of the American people. In the absence of these guardrails, the Trump administration has used the military in an ad hoc manner, making threats and carrying out actions that have weakened alliances, emboldened adversaries, and undermined U.S. credibility.

Economic coercion has damaged trade partnerships that benefited Americans

President Trump will no doubt tout his whiplash tariff policies as demonstrations of strength and brag about the many “deals” his administration has negotiated. But the reality is that, in just a year, the Trump administration has eroded America’s historic power to set the terms of the global economy—an economy that has long relied on the American market for global trade in goods, with the U.S. dollar as its currency. Trump’s unpredictable tariff threats generated uncertainty among some of the United States’ closet trading partners, pushing them to diversify away from U.S. markets and U.S. goods. This has led to measurable losses in U.S. agricultural market share, disruptions in manufacturing supply chains, and openings for China to present itself as a more reliable economic partner.

The Trump administration’s approach has weakened America’s ability to coordinate with allies and partners—critical for ensuring access to markets and supply chains and for countering China’s unfair practices, such as dumping, so that American industries can remain competitive with their Chinese counterparts. Trump has continually proven to be a duplicitous negotiating partner, threatening new tariffs on America’s traditional allies, including those who have already concluded trade deals with his administration. Far from the manufacturing sector “roaring back” as Trump promised, the United States has lost more than 100,000 manufacturing jobs over the past year.  These actions have pushed the country’s closest trading partners to seek deals elsewhere, including with China: Canada, India, Japan, South Korea, and the European Union have all recently sought new agreements without the United States. Over time, each of these deals will result in markets that were once enjoyed by U.S. suppliers increasingly oriented away from them—and the rules of international engagement increasingly written by foreign governments.

Already, everyday Americans are paying the price through higher costs at the store, fewer jobs, and ever more uncertainty. Indeed, almost 70 percent of Americans believe 2026 will be a year of economic difficulty. While Congress has passed laws that grant the executive branch latitude to apply tariffs, these tools are most effective when used as part of a coordinated strategy in consultation with Congress. Deployed impulsively by an inconstant president without oversight, they have become blunt instruments that damage long-standing partnerships built over generations.

See also

The administration has remade national security institutions to prioritize loyalty above qualifications

Across the government, the Trump administration has removed, sidelined, or replaced independent civil servants, career diplomats, and seasoned national security professionals with individuals selected primarily for political loyalty. Cuts, purges, and resignations across the State Department, U.S. Agency for International Development, and intelligence and defense agencies have hollowed out essential capabilities. In the past year, more than 300,000 federal employees have left the government, taking with them the regional expertise, diplomatic continuity, and institutional memory to prevent poor or dangerous decisions. Meanwhile, across the Armed Forces, the Trump administration has politicized the chain of command through its firings and interventions in promotions. And these trends will likely continue. Already, the Office of Personnel Management issued a February 2026 policy that strips federal employees of work protections.

In the past year, more than 300,000 federal employees have left the government, taking with them the regional expertise, diplomatic continuity, and institutional memory to prevent poor or dangerous decisions.

The Trump administration has taken these actions, in a great many instances, despite laws establishing agencies or congressional appropriations for programmatic funding—while Congress did approve recissions requests for some funding, it only did so after the Trump administration had halted funding in critical areas. In his address to Congress, Trump will likely continue to frame these cuts as in the interest of “efficiency,” but despite the scale of the reduction in workforce, they have brought no discernible savings to the taxpayer. In fact, they have caused economic strife in communities where layoffs were most concentrated. They have also risked the political independence of U.S national security institutions that should make operational decisions based on the public interest, not out of fear of retribution from the president. Foreign adversaries are surely paying close attention when seasoned diplomats are replaced by loyalists with little experience, when expert analysis is ignored, and when politicization reaches intelligence assessments and military appointments.

Congress must reassert its constitutional authority

As the second Trump administration marks its first year in office, it has vindicated a principle that America’s Founding Fathers recognized 250 years ago: When foreign policy becomes the domain of the president alone, the United States becomes weaker. No president should be able to unilaterally launch impulsive military strikes, destabilize global markets, alienate allies, and erode institutions that form the backbone of American power.

President Trump’s projection of power at the State of the Union may be loud, forceful, and familiar, but it will not reflect reality. After a year of eroding American power and strength, the Trump administration has only delivered a more dangerous world, increased economic uncertainty, and higher prices. European allies’ united front against U.S. seizure of Greenland and protests in Minnesota have forced Trump to retreat, demonstrating that true strength is rooted in principles, not absolute power. Congress must continue to carry this mantle—ensuring that this and any future administrations operate within a system grounded in accountability, deliberation, and democratic oversight.

Trump Global Weakness Watch

The positions of American Progress, and our policy experts, are independent, and the findings and conclusions presented are those of American Progress alone. American Progress would like to acknowledge the many generous supporters who make our work possible.

Authors

Allison McManus

Managing Director, National Security and International Policy

Dawn Le

Research Assistant

Department

National Security and International Policy

Advancing progressive national security policies that are grounded in respect for democratic values: accountability, rule of law, and human rights.

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