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Sophie
Conroy

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Sophie Conroy

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Sophie Conroy is a research associate on the Conservation Policy team at American Progress. Prior to joining American Progress, she was a Ruckelshaus Fellow at Meridian Institute, an environmental consulting nonprofit where she supported projects ranging from federal climate policy advocacy to natural resource conservation in agriculture. She holds degrees in political science and environmental analysis from Washington University in St. Louis. In her free time, she can often be found training for a half-marathon or doing crossword puzzles.

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Fact Sheet: 5 Hidden Ways the Government Rigs the Market in Favor of Fossil Fuels Fact Sheet
The Houston skyline is seen from an oil refinery.

Fact Sheet: 5 Hidden Ways the Government Rigs the Market in Favor of Fossil Fuels

Contrary to the Trump administration’s claims, fossil fuel industries have benefited heavily from government subsidies in the form of direct tax incentives, steep discounts on public lands, reduced permitting barriers, government services, and lack of accountability for their pollution and public health impacts.

Alia Hidayat, Sophie Conroy, Gianna Sala

5 Hidden Ways the Government Rigs the Market in Favor of Fossil Fuels Report
Pumpjacks lift oil from wells at an oil field near Taft, California, on October 17, 2025.

5 Hidden Ways the Government Rigs the Market in Favor of Fossil Fuels

While renewables have received scrutiny from the Trump administration and congressional Republicans over subsidies, the administration’s narrative hides how fossil fuel industries reap the benefits of a distorted market that has made Americans pay more for polluting fossil energy for decades.

Alia Hidayat, Sophie Conroy, Gianna Sala

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