Data on Child Care and Early Learning in the United States

The Center for American Progress’ data dashboard allows users to explore national- and state-level data trends on a range of child care and early learning topics.

Read more and explore additional charts in the 2024 and 2023 summary reports.

  • Number of infants and toddlers 1

    10,718,521

    Number of children who are under age 3.

  • Number of preschool-age children 2

    7,602,428

    Number of children who are ages 3 and 4.

  • Number of children under age 6 3

    22,098,708

    Number of children who are under age 6.

  • Number of children under age 6 who are in poverty (OPM) 4

    3,646,395

    Number of children who are under age 6 and living in households below the federal poverty threshold, measured by the official poverty measure.

  • Percentage of children under age 6 who are in poverty (OPM) 5

    16.7%

    Percentage of children who are under age 6 and living in households below the federal poverty threshold, measured by the official poverty measure.

  • Percentage of children under age 6 who are in poverty (SPM) 6

    15.3%

    Percentage of children who are under age 6 and living in households below the federal poverty threshold, measured by the supplemental poverty measure.

  • Number of infants and toddlers estimated to be experiencing homelessness 7

    326,198

    Number of children under age 3 estimated to be experiencing homelessness, as defined in the education subtitle of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act.

  • Number of preschool-age children estimated to be experiencing homelessness 8

    231,366

    Number of children ages 3 and 4 estimated to be experiencing homelessness, as defined in the education subtitle of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act.

  • Percentage of first graders estimated to be experiencing homelessness 9

    3%

    Percentage of first grade students in public school identified to be experiencing homelessness, as defined in the education subtitle of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act.

  • Percentage of children under age 6 who have experienced two or more ACEs 10

    8.2%

    Percentage of children under age 6 who have experienced two or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).

  • Number of children under age 6 with all available parents in the workforce 11

    14,666,286

    Number of children under age 6 with all available parents in the workforce.

  • Percentage of children under age 6 with all available parents in the workforce 12

    69.3%

    Percentage of children under age 6 with all available parents in the workforce.

  • Number of parents reporting job changes due to problems with child care 13

    2,172,198

    Number of parents reporting job changes due to problems with child care, based on the percentage of parents with children ages 0–5 who reported quitting a job, not taking a job, or greatly changing their job because of problems with child care for a child ages 0–5.

  • Average annual child care tuition for an infant in center-based care 14

    $14,019

    Average annual price of full-time, center-based child care for an infant, based on Child Care Aware's survey of child care resource and referral state networks.

  • Average annual child care tuition for a 4-year-old in center-based care 15

    $10,962

    Average annual price of full-time, center-based child care for a 4-year-old child, based on Child Care Aware's survey of child care resource and referral state networks.

  • Average annual child care tuition for two children in center-based care 16

    $24,981

    Sum of the average annual price of full-time, center-based child care for one infant and one 4-year-old child, based on Child Care Aware's survey of child care resource and referral state networks.

  • Average annual child care tuition for an infant in family-based care 17

    $11,272

    Average annual price of full-time, family-based child care for an infant, based on Child Care Aware's survey of child care resource and referral state networks.

  • Average annual child care tuition for a 4-year-old in family-based care 18

    $9,949

    Average annual price of full-time, family-based child care for a 4-year-old child, based on Child Care Aware's survey of child care resource and referral state networks.

  • Average annual child care tuition for two children in family-based care 19

    $21,221

    Sum of the average annual price of full-time, family-based child care for one infant and one 4-year-old child, based on Child Care Aware's survey of child care resource and referral state networks.

  • Number of 3-year-olds enrolled in state-funded preschool 20

    273,416

    Number of 3-year-old children enrolled in state-funded public preschool.

  • Number of 4-year-olds enrolled in state-funded preschool 21

    1,332,999

    Number of 4-year-old children enrolled in state-funded public preschool.

  • Percentage of 3-year-olds served by state-funded preschool 22

    7%

    Percentage of 3-year-old children enrolled in state-funded public preschool.

  • Percentage of 4-year-olds served by state-funded preschool 23

    35%

    Percentage of 4-year-old children enrolled in state-funded public preschool.

  • Percentage of population in a child care desert 24

    51%

    Percentage of children under age 5 living in a child care desert. This value is representative of the 2018 landscape of child care supply.

  • Percentage of qualifying low-income children under age 6 who receive child care subsidies 25

    n/a

    Percentage of eligible children under age 6 who receive child care subsidies.

  • Median hourly wage of child care teachers 26

    $14.60

    Median hourly wage of child care teachers.

  • Median hourly wage of preschool teachers 27

    $17.85

    Median hourly wage of preschool teachers, excluding special education teachers.

  • Average hourly wage of HS preschool classroom teacher 28

    $24.02

    Average hourly wage of Head Start (HS) classroom teachers serving preschool-age children. Includes educators working in HS preschool and American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start (AIAN HS) preschool programs.

  • Average hourly wage of EHS classroom teacher 29

    $18.02

    Average hourly wage of Early Head Start (EHS) classroom teachers serving infants and toddlers. Includes educators working in EHS and American Indian and Alaska Native Early Head Start (AIAN EHS) programs.

  • Average hourly wage of HS preschool assistant teacher 30

    $16.10

    Average hourly wage of Head Start (HS) assistant teachers serving preschool-age children. Includes educators working in HS preschool and American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start (AIAN HS) preschool programs.

  • Average employment number in child care services 31

    1,061,967

    Average number of child care workers during the second quarter of the year (April–June).

  • Number of infants and toddlers served by EHS 32

    206,612

    Cumulative number of infants and toddlers served by Early Head Start (EHS) and American Indian and Alaska Native Early Head Start (AIAN EHS) programs, representing the actual number of infants and toddlers served throughout an entire program year. Calculated from EHS and AIAN EHS child cumulative enrollment, all ages eligible.

  • Number of children served by HS preschool 33

    532,109

    Cumulative number of preschool served by Head Start (HS) and American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start (AIAN HS) preschool programs, representing the actual number of preschool children served throughout an entire program year. Calculated from HS and AIAN HS child cumulative enrollment, all ages eligible.

  • Number of children served by MSHS (all ages) 34

    20,169

    Cumulative number of children of all ages served by Migrant and Seasonal Head Start (MSHS) programs, representing the actual number of children served throughout an entire program year. Calculated from MSHS child cumulative enrollment, all ages eligible.

  • Funded slots for infants and toddlers in EHS 35

    184,158

    Funded enrollment of infants and toddlers in Early Head Start (EHS) and American Indian and Alaska Native Early Head Start (AIAN EHS) programs.

  • Funded slots for children in HS preschool 36

    578,109

    Funded enrollment of preschoolers in Head Start (HS) and American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start (AIAN HS) programs.

  • Funded slots for children in MSHS (all ages) 37

    26,836

    Funded enrollment of children of all ages in Migrant and Seasonal Head Start (MSHS) programs.

  • Percentage of infants and toddlers in poverty served by EHS 38

    10.7%

    Percentage of children under age 3 in poverty who are served by Early Head Start (EHS). Uses cumulative enrollment numbers and includes both EHS and American Indian and Alaska Native EHS (AIAN EHS).

  • Percentage of 3- and 4-year-olds in poverty served by HS preschool 39

    35.4%

    Percentage of children ages 3 and 4 in poverty who are served by Head Start (HS) preschool. Uses cumulative enrollment numbers and includes HS and American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start (AIAN HS).

  • Percentage of infants and toddlers experiencing homelessness served by EHS 40

    5.5%

    Percentage of children under age 3 estimated to be experiencing homelessness who are served by Early Head Start (EHS) and American Indian and Alaska Native Early Head Start (AIAN EHS) programs.

  • Percentage of 3- and 4-year-olds experiencing homelessness served by HS preschool 41

    13.6%

    Percentage of children ages 3 and 4 estimated to be experiencing homelessness who are served by Head Start (HS) and American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start (AIAN HS) preschool programs.


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Child Care and Early Learning: Explore State Data

Explore state data trends on a range of child care and early learning topics, including the child care workforce, Head Start program access, and state exclusionary discipline policies.

Read more and explore additional charts in the 2024 and 2023 summary reports.

Child Care and Early Learning: Explore the Map

Use the national map to explore data trends in child care and early learning variables.

Read more and explore additional charts in the 2024 and 2023 summary reports.

See The Data

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Endnotes

  1. U.S. Census Bureau, "B09001: Population Under 18 Years By Age," available at https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2023.B09001?q=B09001:%20POPULATION%20UNDER%2018%20YEARS%20BY%20AGE&g=010XX00US$0400000&moe=false (last accessed October 2024). The authors used one-year estimates for every year except 2020 and five-year estimates for 2020 as one-year estimates were not available for that year.
  2. U.S. Census Bureau, "B09001: Population Under 18 Years By Age," available at https://data.census.gov/table?q=B09001:+POPULATION+UNDER+18+YEARS+BY+AGE&g=010XX00US$0400000&tid=ACSDT1Y2023.B09001&moe=false (last accessed October 2024). The authors used one-year estimates for every year except 2020 and five-year estimates for 2020 as one-year estimates were not available for that year.
  3. Center for American Progress calculation based on U.S. Census Bureau, "B09001: Population Under 18 Years By Age, 1-year estimates," available at https://data.census.gov/table?q=B09001:+POPULATION+UNDER+18+YEARS+BY+AGE&g=010XX00US,$0400000&tid=ACSDT1Y2023.B09001&moe=false (last accessed October 2024). The authors calculated the sum of population estimates for children under age 3, children 3 and 4 years old, and children 5 years old to obtain an estimate of the under-age-6 population.
  4. Center for American Progress calculation based on U.S. Census Bureau, "B17006: Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months of Related Children Under 18 Years by Family Type By Age of Related Children Under 18 Years," available at https://data.census.gov/table?q=B17006&g=010XX00US,$0400000&tid=ACSDT1Y2023.B17006&moe=false (last accessed October 2024). The authors calculated the number of children under age 6 in poverty by summing the estimated number of children under 5 years old and children 5 years old in each household type below the poverty level.
  5. Center for American Progress calculation based on data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplements (ASEC) of the Current Population Survey (CPS). See Sarah Flood and others, "Integrated Public Use Microdata Series Current Population Survey: Version 12.0 (dataset)" (Minneapolis: Minnesota Population Center, 2024), available at https://cps.ipums.org/cps/. The decision to use the Census Bureau's American Community Survey for state-level poverty estimates and the CPS ASEC for national-level poverty estimates was based on U.S. Census Bureau, "Which Data Source to Use for Poverty," June 21, 2023, available at https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/data-sources.html.
  6. Center for American Progress analysis based on data from the ASEC of the CPS. See Sarah Flood and others, “Integrated Public Use Microdata Series Current Population Survey: Version 12.0 (dataset)” (Minneapolis: Minnesota Population Center, 2024), available https://cps.ipums.org/cps/. The data for 2017 and beyond reflect an updated processing system from previous years. The supplemental poverty measure estimates for 2019 and beyond reflect an updated methodology. Due to changes in data collection, direct comparison between data years before and after 2017 or 2019 should be made with caution.
  7. Center for American Progress analysis based on the method developed by SchoolHouse Connection in partnership with Poverty Solutions at the University of Michigan. The authors calculated the percentage of first graders identified as homeless in each state and the national level and applied that percentage to the estimated number of children under age 3. Data downloaded from U.S. Department of Education, "EdData Express Data Download Tool (dataset)," available at https://eddataexpress.ed.gov/download/data-builder/data-download-tool?f%5B0%5D=age_grade%3AGrade%201&f%5B1%5D=school_year%3A2022-2023 (last accessed October 2024); Education Science National Center for Education Statistics, "Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction," available at https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d23/tables/dt23_203.40.asp (last accessed October 2024); U.S. Census Bureau, "B09001: Population Under 18 Years By Age," available at https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2023.B09001?q=B09001:%20POPULATION%20UNDER%2018%20YEARS%20BY%20AGE&g=010XX00US$0400000&moe=false (last accessed October 2024).
  8. Center for American Progress analysis based on the method developed by SchoolHouse Connection in partnership with Poverty Solutions at the University of Michigan. The authors calculated the percentage of first graders identified as homeless in each state and the national level and applied that percentage to the estimated number of children ages 3 and 4. Data downloaded from Department of Education, "EdData Express Data Download Tool (dataset)," available at https://eddataexpress.ed.gov/download/data-builder/data-download-tool?f%5B0%5D=age_grade%3AGrade%201&f%5B1%5D=school_year%3A2022-2023 (last accessed October 2024); Education Science National Center for Education Statistics, "Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction," available at https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d23/tables/dt23_203.40.asp (last accessed October 2024); U.S. Census Bureau, "B09001: Population Under 18 Years By Age," available at https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2023.B09001?q=B09001:%20POPULATION%20UNDER%2018%20YEARS%20BY%20AGE&g=010XX00US$0400000&moe=false (last accessed October 2024).
  9. Center for American Progress analysis based on the method developed by SchoolHouse Connection in partnership with Poverty Solutions at the University of Michigan. The authors divided the number of first graders identified as homeless each year by the total number of first graders enrolled. Data for each year downloaded from Department of Education, "EdData Express Data Download Tool (dataset)," available at https://eddataexpress.ed.gov/download/data-builder/data-download-tool?f%5B0%5D=age_grade%3AGrade%201&f%5B1%5D=school_year%3A2022-2023 (last accessed October 2024); Institute of Education Science National Center for Education Statistics, "Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction," available at https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d23/tables/dt23_203.40.asp (last accessed October 2024).
  10. Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, "National Survey of Children's Health: Interactive Data Query," available at https://www.childhealthdata.org/browse/survey (last accessed October 2024). Authors obtained data exerpts for "Adverse Childhood Experiences" by using two-year combined estimates and selecting for "All States" and "Age in 3 groups." Responses were self-reported by survey respondents, in response to a question about a list of events that may have happened during the child’s life, with the option to skip any question they did not want to answer. Due to some changes in data reporting and the methods for calculating this indicator, the authors caution against directly comparing estimates across years.
  11. U.S. Census Bureau, "DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics, 1-year estimates," available at https://data.census.gov/table?q=DP03&g=010XX00US,$0400000&tid=ACSDP1Y2023.DP03&moe=false (last accessed October 2024).
  12. U.S. Census Bureau, "DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics, 1-year estimates," available at https://data.census.gov/table?q=DP03&g=010XX00US,$0400000&tid=ACSDP1Y2023.DP03&moe=false (last accessed October 2024).
  13. Center for American Progress analysis based on U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, "National Survey of Children's Health (dataset)," available at https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/nsch/data/datasets.html (last accessed October 2024). The authors based analysis on indicator K6Q27, which measures the percentage of parents with children ages 0–5 in each state who had to quit a job, not take a job, or greatly change their job because of problems with child care for a child ages 0–5. Starting in 2022, the processes for imputation and weighting by race and ethnicity were revised and adjustments were made retroactively to the 2016–2021 National Survey of Children's Health data files. The estimates for 2016–2021 are based on rereleased data files.
  14. Child Care Aware of America, "Price of Care: 2023," available at https://info.childcareaware.org/hubfs/2023_Affordability_Analysis.pdf (last accessed September 2024). Average annual prices for full-time, center-based child care can be found in Table 1. National average price reflects the Average of Program-Weighted Averages: Child Care Aware of America, "Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis," available at https://www.childcareaware.org/thechildcarestandstill/ (last accessed October 2024).
  15. Child Care Aware of America, "Price of Care: 2023," available at https://info.childcareaware.org/hubfs/2023_Affordability_Analysis.pdf (last accessed September 2024). Average annual prices for full-time, center-based child care can be found in Table 1. National average price reflects the "Average of Program-Weighted Averages": See Child Care Aware of America, "Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis," available at https://www.childcareaware.org/thechildcarestandstill/ (last accessed October 2024).
  16. Center for American Progress calculation based on Child Care Aware of America, "Price of Care: 2023," available at https://info.childcareaware.org/hubfs/2023_Affordability_Analysis.pdf (last accessed September 2024). Average annual prices for full-time, center-based child care can be found in Table 1. Average annual child care tuition for two children was calculated by taking the sum of average annual child care tuition for one infant and one 4-year-old. "NOT AVAILABLE" is reported in cases where average annual tuition for either age group was not reported. National average price reflects the "Average of Program-Weighted Averages": See Child Care Aware of America, "Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis," available at https://www.childcareaware.org/thechildcarestandstill/ (last accessed October 2024).
  17. Child Care Aware of America, "Price of Care: 2023," available at https://info.childcareaware.org/hubfs/2023_Affordability_Analysis.pdf (last accessed September 2024). Average annual prices for full-time, family child care can be found in Table 2. National average price reflects the "Average of Program-Weighted Averages": See Child Care Aware of America, "Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis," available at https://www.childcareaware.org/thechildcarestandstill/ (last accessed October 2024).
  18. Child Care Aware of America, "Price of Care: 2023," available at https://info.childcareaware.org/hubfs/2023_Affordability_Analysis.pdf (last accessed September 2024). Average annual prices for full-time, family child care can be found in Table 2. National average price reflects the "Average of Program-Weighted Averages": See Child Care Aware of America, "Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis," available at https://www.childcareaware.org/thechildcarestandstill/ (last accessed October 2024).
  19. Center for American Progress calculation based on Child Care Aware of America, "Price of Care: 2023," available at https://info.childcareaware.org/hubfs/2023_Affordability_Analysis.pdf (last accessed September 2024). Average annual prices for full-time, family child care can be found in Table 2. Average annual child care tuition for two children was calculated by taking the sum of average annual child care tuition for one infant and one 4-year-old. "NOT AVAILABLE" is reported in cases where average annual tuition for either age group was not reported. National average price reflects the "Average of Program-Weighted Averages": See Child Care Aware of America, "Child Care at a Standstill: Price and Landscape Analysis," available at https://www.childcareaware.org/thechildcarestandstill/ (last accessed October 2024).
  20. National Institute for Early Education Research, "Data Explorer, NIEER Data Sets: Preschool Enrollment," available at https://nieer.org/data-explorer (last accessed October 2024).
  21. National Institute for Early Education Research, "Data Explorer, NIEER Data Sets: Preschool Enrollment," available at https://nieer.org/data-explorer (last accessed October 2024).
  22. National Institute for Early Education Research, "Data Explorer, NIEER Data Sets: Preschool Enrollment," available at https://nieer.org/data-explorer (last accessed October 2024).
  23. National Institute for Early Education Research, "Data Explorer, NIEER Data Sets: Preschool Enrollment," available at https://nieer.org/data-explorer (last accessed October 2024).
  24. Rasheed Malik and others, “America’s Child Care Deserts in 2018” (Washington: Center for American Progress, 2018), available at https://www.americanprogress.org/article/americas-child-care-deserts-2018/. This value is representative of the 2018 landscape of child care supply and is currently the most recently available estimate.
  25. Center for American Progress analysis based on data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, "Preliminary Data Table 1 - Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served,” February 26, 2024, available at https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/data/fy-2021-preliminary-data-table-1; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “Preliminary Data Table 9 - Average Monthly Percentages of Children in Care By Age Group,” February 26, 2024, available at https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/data/fy-2021-preliminary-data-table-9 (Note: Analysis relies on the Tables 1 and 9 for each respective year. Estimates for 2021, for example, rely on the data tables for FY 2021); Steven Ruggles and others, “Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, U.S. Census Data for Social, Economic, and Health Research, American Community Survey: 5-year estimates” (Minneapolis: Minnesota Population Center, 2024), available at https://usa.ipums.org/usa/.
  26. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Tables," available at https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm (last accessed October 2024). Median hourly wage is reported for workers under the occupation "Childcare Workers."
  27. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) Tables," available at https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm (last accessed October 2024). Median hourly wage is reported for workers under the occupation "Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education."
  28. Office of Head Start, "Summary Report," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024). Average hourly wage of HS preschool classroom teachers is based on the subset of classroom teachers working in HS preschool and AIAN HS preschool programs.
  29. Office of Head Start, "Summary Report," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024). Average hourly wage of EHS classroom teachers is based on the subset of classroom teachers working in EHS and AIAN EHS programs.
  30. Office of Head Start, "Summary Report," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024). Average hourly wage of HS preschool assistant teachers is based on the subset of assistant teachers working in HS preschool and AIAN HS preschool programs.
  31. Center for American Progress analysis based on U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Employment Statistics Survey, "All employees, thousands, child care services, seasonally adjusted," available at https://beta.bls.gov/dataViewer/view/timeseries/CES6562440001 (last accessed October 2024). National-level employment estimates were averaged across April, May, and June to most closely match the time period during which state-level employment numbers were measured.
  32. Office of Head Start, "Program Information Report, Enrollment Statistics," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024). Total cumulative enrollment of infants and toddlers was calculated based on EHS and AIAN EHS programs. National counts are a sum of all state-by-state numbers reported and do not include separately reported enrollment numbers for territories.
  33. Office of Head Start, "Program Information Report, Enrollment Statistics," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024). Total cumulative enrollment of preschool children was calculated based on HS and AIAN HS programs. National counts are a sum of all state-by-state numbers reported and do not include separately reported enrollment numbers for territories.
  34. Office of Head Start, "Program Information Report, Enrollment Statistics," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024). Reflects total cumulative enrollment of children served by MSHS programs, which operate in some but not all states across the United States. National counts are a sum of all state-by-state numbers reported and do not include separately reported enrollment numbers for territories.
  35. Office of Head Start, "Program Information Report, Enrollment Statistics," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024). Total funded enrollment of infants and toddlers was calculated based on EHS and AIAN EHS programs. National counts are a sum of all state-by-state numbers reported and do not include separately reported enrollment numbers for territories.
  36. Office of Head Start, "Program Information Report, Enrollment Statistics," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024). Total funded enrollment of preschool children was calculated based on enrollment in HS and AIAN HS preschool programs. National counts are a sum of all state-by-state numbers reported and do not include separately reported enrollment numbers for territories.
  37. Office of Head Start, "Program Information Report, Enrollment Statistics," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024). Total funded enrollment of children served by MSHS programs was calculated using all eligible ages of children. MSHS programs operate in some but not all states. National counts are a sum of all state-by-state numbers reported and do not include separately reported enrollment numbers for territories.
  38. Center for American Progress analysis based on Office of Head Start, "Enrollment Statistics Report," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024); U.S. Census Bureau, "B17006: Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months of Related Children Under 18 Years by Family Type by Age of Related Children Under 18 Years (poverty 1-year estimates for the under age 5 population)," available at https://data.census.gov/table?q=B17006&g=010XX00US,$0400000&tid=ACSDT1Y2023.B17006&moe=false (last accessed October 2024); U.S. Census Bureau, "B09001: Population Under 18 Years by Age (population 5-year estimates for children under age 3)," available at https://data.census.gov/table?q=B09001:+POPULATION+UNDER+18+YEARS+BY+AGE&g=010XX00US,$0400000&tid=ACSDT1Y2023.B09001 (last accessed October 2024). National poverty estimates were calculated separately based on data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) of the Current Population Survey (CPS). See Sarah Flood and others, “Integrated Public Use Microdata Series Current Population Survey: Version 12.0 (dataset)” (Minneapolis: Minnesota Population Center, 2024), available at https://cps.ipums.org/cps/. Authors divided the estimated cumulative enrollment of EHS children in poverty in each state and at the national level by the estimated number of children under age 3 in poverty in each state and at the national level. Methods are based on Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, W. Steven Barnett, and Jennifer K. Duer, "The State(s) of Head Start and Early Head Start: Looking at Equity" (New Brunswick, NJ: National Institute for Early Education Research, 2022), available at https://nieer.org/research-library/states-head-start-early-head-start. Cumulative enrollment of children in poverty was calculated based on children served by EHS and AIAN EHS who are eligible based on "income below 100% of FPL," "receipt of public assistance," or "status as homeless."
  39. Center for American Progress analysis based on Office of Head Start, "Enrollment Statistics Report," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024); U.S. Census Bureau, "B17006: Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months of Related Children Under 18 Years by Family Type by Age of Related Children Under 18 Years (poverty 1-year estimates for the under age 5 population)," available at https://data.census.gov/table?q=B17006&g=010XX00US,$0400000&tid=ACSDT1Y2023.B17006&moe=false (last accessed October 2024); U.S. Census Bureau, "B09001: Population Under 18 Years by Age (population 5-year estimates for children ages 3 and 4)," available at https://data.census.gov/table?q=B09001:+POPULATION+UNDER+18+YEARS+BY+AGE&g=010XX00US,$0400000&tid=ACSDT1Y2023.B09001 (last accessed October 2024). National poverty estimates were calculated separately based on data from the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) of the Current Population Survey (CPS). See Sarah Flood and others, “Integrated Public Use Microdata Series Current Population Survey: Version 12.0 (dataset)” (Minneapolis: Minnesota Population Center, 2024), available at https://cps.ipums.org/cps/. Authors divided the estimated cumulative enrollment of HS children in poverty in each state and at the national level by the estimated number of children ages 3 and 4 in poverty in each state and at the national level. Methods are based on Allison H. Friedman-Krauss, W. Steven Barnett, and Jennifer K. Duer, "The State(s) of Head Start and Early Head Start: Looking at Equity" (New Brunswick, NJ: National Institute for Early Education Research, 2022), available at https://nieer.org/research-library/states-head-start-early-head-start. Cumulative enrollment of children in poverty was calculated based on children served by HS and AIAN HS who are eligible based on "income below 100% of FPL," "receipt of public assistance," or "status as homeless."
  40. Center for American Progress analysis based on Office of Head Start, "Family Information Report," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024); U.S. Department of Education, "EdData Express Data Download Tool (dataset)," available at https://eddataexpress.ed.gov/download/data-builder/data-download-tool?f%5B0%5D=age_grade%3AGrade%201&f%5B1%5D=school_year%3A2022-2023 (last accessed October 2024); Education Science National Center for Education Statistics, "Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction," available at https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d23/tables/dt23_203.40.asp (last accessed October 2024); and U.S. Census Bureau, "B09001: Population Under 18 Years By Age," available at https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2023.B09001?q=B09001:%20POPULATION%20UNDER%2018%20YEARS%20BY%20AGE&g=010XX00US$0400000&moe=false (last accessed October 2024).
  41. Center for American Progress analysis based on Office of Head Start, "Family Information Report," available at https://hses.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/auth/login (last accessed October 2024); U.S. Department of Education, "EdData Express Data Download Tool (dataset)," available at https://eddataexpress.ed.gov/download/data-builder/data-download-tool?f%5B0%5D=age_grade%3AGrade%201&f%5B1%5D=school_year%3A2022-2023 (last accessed October 2024); Education Science National Center for Education Statistics, "Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by level, grade, and state or jurisdiction," available at https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d23/tables/dt23_203.40.asp (last accessed October 2024); and U.S. Census Bureau, "B09001: Population Under 18 Years By Age," available at https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT1Y2023.B09001?q=B09001:%20POPULATION%20UNDER%2018%20YEARS%20BY%20AGE&g=010XX00US$0400000&moe=false (last accessed October 2024).
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